动名词和动词不定式可以做句子主语、宾语或表语。
动名词的形式一般为动词的ing形式;动词不定式一般是在动词前加上to即可。
1.用做主语
To get up early is hard.
Getting up early is hard.
早起很难。
2.用作宾语
I don't like to get up early.
I don't like getting up early.
我不喜欢早起。
2.用作表语
The first thing he does is to get up early.
The first thing he does is getting up early.
他做的第一件事情就是早起。
或许还有人不明白什么叫表语。
表语就是位于系动词之后的、用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征的句子成分。
系动词有很多,最常见的就是be,其他的还有become,seem,appear,look,feel,get等。
动词不定式除了具有上述的语法功能之外,还有许多其他的用法。其中有两个尤为重要。
3.动词不定式做副词
I study hard to get scholarships.
我为了取得奖学金而努力学习。
He had a sleep to relax.
他为了放松一下,睡了一觉。
She keeps running to get home early.
为了回家早一些,她不停地跑。
4.动词不定式做形容词
He has many clothes to wash.
他有很多要洗的衣服。
I don't have any books to read.
我没有要读的书。
You have nothing to do.
你无事可做。
